奋斗Turmoil Timeline: Here's How US & West Messed Up Afghanistan Evacuation_我的网站
A | On the one-year anniversary of US forces’ hasty withdrawal from Afghanistan after a 20-year deployment, there is renewed focus on the decision-making made by the Joe Biden administration that resulted in the swift fall of the Afghan government and the eventual return to power of the Taliban* Islamist group.,With the Democratic POTUS’ approval rating hitting historic lows and eating away at his party’s November midterm prospects, it is commonly believed that his handling of the Afghan crisis at the time of the pull-out created the momentum that began to drag down Americans’ confidence in Biden’s leadership.,The United States-led military offensive "Operation Enduring Freedom" was originally launched by former US President George W. Bush in pursuit of terrorists from Al Qaeda** - including leader Osama bin Laden - for masterminding the September 11, 2001 attacks in the US.,At the time, a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamist terrorist group Al Qaeda killed 2,996 people in the US as hijackers crashed two planes into the World Trade Center, hijacking another that failed to reach its target, crashing in Shanksville, Pa., and a third that struck the west side of the Pentagon.,© AP Photo / AMY SANCETTASmoke billows from the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center before they collapsed on September 11, 2001 in New York, NYSmoke billows from the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center before they collapsed on September 11, 2001 in New York, NY© AP Photo / AMY SANCETTA,After suspicion fell onto Al Qaeda, the United States responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan under the pretext that the Taliban had failed to comply with Washington’s demands to expel Al Qaeda from the country and extradite the terrorist group’s leader, Osama bin Laden. American-led forces overthrew the Kabul-based Taliban government, which had been in control of large parts of the country since 1996.,Bin Laden was eventually killed nearly a decade later, in 2011, by a group of Navy SEALs who raided his compound in Pakistan. As Washington's attempt to impose Western ideas and forms of government on the country increasingly failed and the situation deteriorated for the Western-backed government in Kabul, the Donald Trump administration opened peace talks with the Taliban.,In February 2020, the Donald Trump administration signed an agreement in Doha, Qatar, between the US and the Taliban on drawing down US involvement based on a "reduction in violence." The "Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan" set out a series of commitments from the US and the Taliban regarding troop levels, counterterrorism, and intra-Afghan dialogue seeking to bring about "a permanent and comprehensive ceasefire.",The deal stipulated a deadline of May 1 the next year for all US troops to leave the country.,However, in April 2021, President Joe Biden, just seven months into his presidency, unilaterally deviated from the peace deal by extending the timeframe to September 11 and ordered all troops to withdraw from the country by an end of August 2021 deadline, with his decision triggering chaos and bloodshed.,‘Failed Intel’,As the US military began their pull-out, sending home troops and equipment, the emboldened Taliban proceeded with a lightening-swift onslaught. They took over huge swathes of the country, facing little resistance and picking up weapons and vehicles paid for by the US government which Afghan government troops left behind.,US 'Lost Track' of Afghan War Aims, Says Retired Marine General12 August, 17:00 GMT,Afghan officials, including the country’s president, Ashraf Ghani, fled, as the country’s capital, Kabul, was taken over by the militants on August 15, 2021 in a matter of hours.,None of the US intelligence assessments had predicted such a swift collapse, with American officials insisting in June that Kabul could capitulate within six to 12 months after the start of the withdrawal. Amid reports of failed intel forecasts, then-Pentagon spokesman John Kirby acknowledged that security in some parts of Afghanistan was “certainly deteriorating, and that’s of concern.” Washington continued to emphasize “commitment to the people of Afghanistan” and the goal of “ensuring that Afghanistan never again becomes a safe haven for terrorist groups who pose a threat to the US homeland.”,Amid the developments, the Biden administration debated whether to delay the American departure from Bagram Air Base, 35 miles north of Kabul, but eventually opted to go ahead. Army Gen. Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, had told the House Armed Services Committee that “it is not necessary for the United States to stay at Bagram for what we’re going to try to do here with Afghanistan.”,Civilians Caught in Crossfire,As the Taliban regained full control, more than 120,000 people, including Afghans and foreigners, were frantically evacuated in a vast airlift operation from Kabul International airport. Thousands of Afghan citizens desperately sought to flee the country in fear of the Islamist group’s return to rule.,Exclusive- A clear video (from other angle) of men falling from C-17. They were Clinging to some parts of the plane that took off from Kabul airport today. #Talibans #Afghanistan #Afghanishtan pic.twitter.com/CMNW5ngqrK— Aśvaka - آسواکا News Agency (@AsvakaNews) August 16, 2021,Searing images from the capital’s airport showed desperate people trying to cling to the wings of planes that were taking off amid the huge airlift operation. Many Afghans who collaborated with the occupying US forces and feared retribution from the Islamist group were left behind in the hasty evacuation. Between 100 and 200 Americans remained in Afghanistan, despite wanting to get out.,© AP Photo / Wali SabawoonSmoke rises from a deadly explosion outside the airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, Aug. 26, 2021. Smoke rises from a deadly explosion outside the airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, Aug. 26, 2021. © AP Photo / Wali Sabawoon,Furthermore, 13 US troops were killed on August 26 in a suicide bomb attack blamed on an Afghan offshoot of Daesh***.,The explosive device detonated by a single bomber who was able to approach Kabul International Airport's Abbey Gate killed at least 170 Afghan civilians and 13 US service members. The bomber was not stopped as Afghans had begun using alternate routes to the gate due to the difficulty of getting through Taliban checkpoints.,In another deadly incident that marred the withdrawal, a botched US drone strike killed 10 civilians - seven of them children - on August 29.,WorldCIA Reportedly Warned US Military of Likely Presence of Children Near Afghan Drone Strike Target 19 September 2021, 08:56 GMT,The US claimed it had been targeting a Daesh operative with a car full of explosives linked to the terrorist group’s affiliate, planning an imminent attack on American forces during the final days of the evacuation. However, the man turned out to be a longtime Afghan aid worker, Zamarai Ahmadi, employed by Nutrition and Education International, a nongovernmental organization focused on food security.,Approximately three weeks after the strike, the military acknowledged its "tragic mistake," yet a subsequent Air Force review around the strike found "no violation of law, including the law of war.",The last US aircraft left Kabul on August 30, 2021.,AfghanistanKirby Under Fire After He 'Takes Issue With Premise' US Handed Afghanistan to 'Terrorist Group'3 August, 09:54 GMT,Joe Biden’s administration faced bipartisan criticism for the Afghan withdrawal.,On August 17, just two days after the fall of Kabul, National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan promised the White House would “conduct an extensive hot wash” and “look at every aspect of this from top to bottom.” But it remains unclear when any progress will be made by the congressionally-ordered bipartisan 16-member commission on the 20-year Afghan war, US media reported.,NBC News: Biden Admin Prepping Unified Message on Anniversary of Botched Afghan Withdrawal11 July, 16:09 GMT,The White House is believed to have geared up for congressional investigations into the Afghanistan withdrawal if Republicans win the House or the Senate in November’s midterm elections, according to sources cited in US media reports.,* The Taliban is an organization under UN sanctions over terrorist activities.,**Al-Qaeda is a terrorist group banned in Russia and many other countries.,*** Daesh, also known as ISIS/IS/Islamic State, is a terrorist group banned in Russia.。 OpenAI声称其新款“Jalapeno”芯片在测试中的表现优于英伟达当前的产品阵容，凸显出该公司自主研发AI处理器取得的进展。 OpenAI芯片业务负责人Richard Ho在接受采访时表示，该芯片与英伟达GB300进行了对比，该测试将GB300视为现有最领先的产品。
B | 在测试中，Jalapeno在两个指标上占据优势：单位功耗所能处理的AI工作量，以及响应的速度。
C | OpenAI此次公开测试Jalapeno时，使用了自家规模较小的开源模型GPT-OSS 120B，以及DeepSeek和Moonshot AI的第三方模型。在Moonshot的模型Kimi K2.5 1T上，Jalapeno展现出的优势更为明显。
D | 博通为众多客户生产定制芯片，两家公司于去年宣布合作，并在今年6月大力宣传这款处理器的研发速度，称其以创纪录的速度完成开发。 目前，越来越多的公司正在开发自研AI芯片，而这一领域目前仍由英伟达占据主导地位。
E | Ho表示，通常情况下，一些芯片在运行AI任务时拥有更强的处理能力，而另一些芯片则更擅长快速响应，但Jalapeno兼具这两方面的优势。 OpenAI将决定哪些AI模型采用Jalapeno运行，从而让客户能够根据需求选择较低成本或较高性能的方案。 Ho说：“在实验室测试中，Jalapeno在高吞吐量领域展现出很强的性能，这意味着它能够以更低的成本服务大量客户；与此同时，它在低延迟领域也表现出色，这意味着对于重视响应速度的客户而言，其响应时间将非常非常快。” Ho表示，由于Jalapeno能够在较低功耗下实现强劲性能——功耗为700瓦——因此可以帮助OpenAI降低数据中心的运营成本。对于数据中心而言，电力是最重要的成本之一。
F | OpenAI目前仍依赖Cerebras的技术运行部分模型，这类芯片更适合规模较小的模型。相比之下，Jalapeno能够处理规模更大的模型。
G | Ho表示，OpenAI的技术短期内不会取代Cerebras等供应商。
H | Ho说道：“我们对算力的需求非常庞大，这也是为什么我们与这么多不同的供应商签约。
I | 这种情况还会持续一段时间。”他表示，OpenAI希望公开展示自身的研发成果，以推动AI芯片领域的创新。
J | 其他初创公司也在探索类似方向。Etched上周表示，公司已在一轮融资中获得约210亿美元估值，并开始出货一款低电压芯片。由两名前谷歌芯片业务员工创立的MatX，目前正在开发一种半导体产品，目标同样是兼顾高吞吐量和低延迟。 OpenAI还表示，公司利用自身AI模型加快了芯片的开发进程。第二代芯片目前也已进入较为深入的研发阶段。Ho表示，公司预计将在“未来几个月”完成该芯片的流片（tape-out），即芯片设计进入最终定型阶段。
K | 与此同时，OpenAI已经开始设计第三代芯片，希望进一步降低其正在全球范围内大规模建设的AI基础设施成本。Ho表示：“我们目前已经达到了一个能够降低基础设施成本的成本水平和功耗水平。这只是第一步。” 尽管OpenAI正在积极宣传自研芯片，并将其性能与英伟达产品进行比较，但Ho仍特别强调，OpenAI依然将英伟达视为关键芯片供应商。 “英伟达是一家非常优秀的合作伙伴，我们仍然需要大量使用英伟达的芯片。”（文章来源：财联社）。 Current article:http://cw4b.banhuannunuluchuaiguangenru.sbs/news/20260826_756.html Published on:00:38:39 |
OpenAI表示，在内部测试中，Jalapeno运行一些尚未发布的大型先进模型时同样表现良好。这表明，随着工作负载变得更大、更复杂，该芯片的设计“价值将进一步提升”。 OpenAI与博通合作开发了Jalapeno，公司计划从今年晚些时候开始使用该芯片为其AI模型提供支持，这是其打造自有AI基础设施、更大规模推进芯片自研计划的一部分。
需要指出的是，Jalapeno并未与英伟达最新一代的Vera Rubin芯片进行测试，后者刚刚开始出货。此外，Jalapeno也并非为AI模型训练而设计，而训练恰恰是英伟达技术最擅长的领域之一。 Jalapeno主要面向AI推理阶段，即模型完成训练后，根据用户提示生成响应并执行任务的阶段。在速度方面的优势意味着，OpenAI可以通过它实现过去只有采用不同内存类型和芯片架构的处理器才能达到的效果。
